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Trigger finger and trigger thumb are painful conditions that cause the fingers or thumb to catch or "lock" most often in a bent position. The problems often stem from inflammation of tendons located within a protective covering called the tendon sheath. Thickenings of the sheath called pulleys function like the rings on a fishing rod, which hold the line against the rod. These pulleys hold the tendons against the bone. The affected tendons are tough bands of tissue that connect the muscles of the forearm to the finger and thumb bones. Together, the tendons and muscles allow you to bend your fingers and thumb, for example, when making a fist. A tendon usually glides quite easily through its sheath and pulleys, thanks to lubricating synovial fluid. Occasionally, a tendon may become inflamed and swollen or nodular. When this happens, bending the finger or thumb causes the swollen tendon to catch on one of the pulleys as it glides through the sheath.
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